How Abandonment Issues Fuel the Push and Pull in Borderline Personality

The push and pull dynamic in Borderline Personality Disorder often leads individuals to both desperately seek connection and fear it at the same time. This internal conflict can create a cycle where the person alternates between pushing others away and pulling them back in, struggling to find stability in their relationships.

What if the root of our most challenging relationships lies in the deepest, unhealed parts of our childhood?

Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) often brings with it a wave of complex emotional experiences. Among the most significant of these is the chronic fear of abandonment—a fear that can shape relationships in the most painful, unpredictable ways. For those struggling with BPD, the impact of abandonment in childhood isn't just a past hurt; it becomes a constant shadow that lingers over every connection, shaping how they relate to others, and often leaving them caught in a push-and-pull cycle.

The Roots of Abandonment in Childhood

At its core, BPD is rooted in emotional dysregulation, which is deeply intertwined with childhood experiences of instability, neglect, or abandonment. Imagine being a child who, at a time when love and safety are vital, is left to fend emotionally for themselves. This lack of secure attachment can lead to a deep internal wound—one that screams for connection but fears it at the same time. The child grows up not knowing how to trust others or how to allow themselves to be loved fully.

Click to Learn About Navigating Life as a Child of a Borderline Parent

For individuals with BPD, the fear of abandonment doesn’t just exist in the back of their minds—it is front and center in their lives. The thought of being rejected or left alone can be so overwhelming that it triggers extreme reactions. When they sense even the smallest distance or perceived neglect in a relationship, they may push people away in a desperate attempt to avoid being hurt. On the flip side, when they feel abandoned or rejected, they may cling desperately, creating a paradox of wanting closeness but fearing it at the same time.

The Push and Pull: Why Can't I Let Go?

For someone with BPD, relationships can feel like a rollercoaster—full of intense highs and devastating lows. One moment, they may feel deeply connected to someone, and the next, a perceived slight can cause them to withdraw or lash out. This “push and pull” dynamic is the result of the intense emotional extremes they experience.

At the heart of it all is an internal battle: the desire for closeness and connection, combined with an overwhelming fear of abandonment. It’s a vicious cycle where love is both something to crave and something to fear. A person with BPD might push others away to avoid the pain of potential rejection, only to feel the loneliness of that very action and pull people back in, only to repeat the cycle.

This pattern isn’t just difficult for the person with BPD, but also for their loved ones who struggle to understand the emotional intensity and inconsistency. They might feel confused or helpless when their partner or friend pulls away, only to later demand all of their attention and reassurance. The back-and-forth nature of these relationships can often feel emotionally draining for both parties involved.

Healing the Wounds of Abandonment

Healing from the emotional wounds caused by abandonment is complex but possible. Therapy, particularly Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), has proven to be one of the most effective treatments for people with BPD. DBT helps individuals develop emotional regulation skills, allowing them to recognize and manage their intense feelings, while also teaching strategies for building healthy, trusting relationships.

Click to Learn About Understanding and Managing Abandonment Fears and Anger in Borderline Personality Disorder

Another important aspect of healing involves self-compassion. For many with BPD, the inner critic can be just as harsh as the external fears of abandonment. Learning to accept and care for oneself—without relying on others to fill that emotional void—is key to breaking free from the cycle of abandonment fear.

Support groups can also be instrumental in the healing process, allowing individuals to share their experiences with others who truly understand the pain of living with BPD. In these spaces, the person with BPD can find validation, reassurance, and a sense of belonging, helping them to combat the loneliness and isolation that often accompany their disorder.

Moving Forward: What Does True Connection Look Like?

It’s important to remember that while BPD is deeply rooted in childhood trauma, it does not have to define one’s future. With proper treatment, emotional growth, and a supportive network, individuals with BPD can develop healthier, more stable relationships and begin to rebuild their sense of self-worth.

If you or someone you love struggles with abandonment fears and relationship instability, it’s crucial to recognize that healing is possible. The journey may be long, but it’s worth it for the possibility of lasting connection and peace.

Are we ready to break the cycle of fear and embrace the realness of love, trust, and connection?

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Building Bridges, Not Walls: How to Use DBT to Strengthen Your Relationship

By using DBT to strengthen your relationship, you can improve communication, manage intense emotions, and create a deeper, more compassionate connection with your partner.

In any relationship, emotions run deep, and when conflict arises, they can either bring you closer or drive you further apart. If one partner struggles with emotional regulation, such as someone dealing with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), these emotions can feel overwhelming and hard to manage. But what if there were tools that could help you navigate these turbulent waters together, building understanding and resilience along the way?

Enter Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)—a therapeutic approach originally developed to help people with BPD manage intense emotions, improve interpersonal skills, and enhance emotional regulation. While DBT is often used individually in therapy, its principles can also be incredibly beneficial for couples who are looking to improve their communication and connection.

What is DBT?

DBT was developed by Dr. Marsha Linehan in the 1980s to help people with BPD regulate their emotions and improve their relationships. At its core, DBT combines cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) with mindfulness and acceptance practices. It focuses on balancing acceptance and change, teaching individuals how to manage overwhelming emotions without resorting to destructive behaviors like self-harm, substance abuse, or angry outbursts.

For couples, DBT offers practical strategies to navigate emotional intensity, reduce conflict, and increase empathy and understanding. While originally designed for individuals, many of DBT’s core concepts can be applied directly to relational dynamics.

Key DBT Skills for Couples:

1. Mindfulness: Staying Present During Conflict Mindfulness is about being fully present in the moment—without judgment. In a relationship, when emotions run high, it’s easy to get lost in old patterns of thinking, reacting, and defending. However, by practicing mindfulness, both partners can create space between the feeling and the reaction.

   
   

   How to Use It: During a disagreement, take a moment to pause and check in with yourself. Focus on your breath, notice what you’re feeling, and try to observe the situation without immediately jumping into defense mode. This can help both of you slow down the conversation and create space for more thoughtful responses.

   
   

   Why it Helps: Mindfulness helps break reactive patterns. By taking a step back before responding, both partners are more likely to respond in ways that are less defensive and more constructive.

   
   

2. Distress Tolerance: Navigating High-Emotion Moments Distress tolerance skills teach you how to tolerate emotional pain without making the situation worse. In a relationship, especially when one partner struggles with intense emotions, distress tolerance can be crucial in managing situations before they escalate.

   
   

   How to Use It: When you feel overwhelmed or your partner’s emotions become intense, try to stay grounded in the present moment. Use self-soothing techniques such as deep breathing, counting to 10, or grounding exercises (e.g., focusing on the sensations of your feet on the floor or the feeling of your hands in your lap).

   
   

   Why it Helps: Distress tolerance enables you to avoid reactive behavior like yelling, shutting down, or withdrawing. It creates a healthier way of managing emotional discomfort, keeping the dialogue open instead of shutting it down.

   
   

3. Emotional Regulation: Navigating Your Emotional Responses DBT teaches emotional regulation, which involves recognizing your emotions, understanding their triggers, and learning how to express them in healthy ways. This is particularly helpful when one partner experiences emotional extremes and the other partner feels unsure of how to respond.

   
   

   How to Use It: Instead of reacting impulsively, take a moment to understand what you’re feeling and why. You might say, “I’m feeling really frustrated right now because I don’t feel heard. Let’s take a break and come back to this later.” The key is to express your emotions constructively without blaming or attacking your partner.

   
   

   Why it Helps: Emotional regulation encourages both partners to take responsibility for their emotions rather than blaming each other. It creates space for both partners to express themselves without the risk of emotional overload or miscommunication.

   
   

4. Interpersonal Effectiveness: Communicating Needs and Boundaries One of DBT’s most valuable tools for couples is interpersonal effectiveness—the ability to assertively express needs, set healthy boundaries, and maintain self-respect without harming the relationship.

   
   

   How to Use It: When you need something from your partner, use the DEAR MAN technique (Describe, Express, Assert, Reinforce, Stay Mindful, Appear Confident, Negotiate). For example, “I need you to listen to me without interrupting when I’m upset (Describe). I feel ignored and frustrated when you don’t listen to me (Express). I’m asking you to listen for just five minutes before responding (Assert). It would help me feel understood (Reinforce).”

   
   

   Why it Helps: Interpersonal effectiveness skills allow both partners to communicate clearly and respectfully, reducing misunderstandings and conflicts. It also strengthens the relationship by ensuring that each person feels seen and valued.

   
   

5. Validation: Acknowledging and Accepting Emotions Validation is a cornerstone of DBT. It’s the practice of acknowledging and accepting your partner’s feelings—whether or not you agree with them. For couples dealing with emotional dysregulation, validation can help soothe feelings of hurt or frustration.

   
   

   How to Use It: When your partner expresses their emotions, try to say things like, “I can see that this situation is really upsetting for you” or “I understand that you’re feeling hurt right now.” This simple act of validation can prevent escalation and help your partner feel seen and supported.

   
   

   Why it Helps: Validation fosters emotional safety, making it easier for both partners to share their feelings without fear of judgment. When each person feels validated, it becomes easier to navigate conflict and strengthen emotional intimacy.

   
   

How DBT Transforms Your Relationship:

When you introduce DBT skills into your relationship, you’re not just learning tools to fight less—you’re learning how to love more. DBT emphasizes creating a balance between acceptance and change, both of which are essential for a healthy relationship. The acceptance aspect helps both partners feel understood and respected for who they are, while the change aspect empowers both individuals to grow and adapt together.

By practicing DBT, you’ll learn how to communicate more effectively, manage emotions better, and foster a deeper emotional connection. These skills help you become more resilient as a couple, even during difficult times, allowing you to face challenges without resorting to destructive patterns.

Final Thoughts: A Journey Toward Healing

Using DBT in your relationship is not a quick fix—it’s a journey. But with commitment, patience, and practice, both you and your partner can create a stronger, more empathetic connection. The tools of DBT don’t just help manage conflict—they nurture trust, foster understanding, and deepen emotional intimacy.

Eye-Opening Question: How might your relationship change if both you and your partner were able to communicate your feelings with greater understanding and compassion? And what small step can you take today to start that journey?

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Caught in the Storm: Understanding and Managing Abandonment Fears and Anger in Borderline Personality Disorder

Managing abandonment fears requires building emotional resilience and trust, allowing individuals to feel secure in their relationships. At the same time, managing anger involves acknowledging underlying emotions and learning healthy coping strategies to prevent destructive outbursts.

For individuals with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), emotional experiences often feel overwhelming, unpredictable, and intense. One of the most significant emotional struggles associated with BPD is the fear of abandonment, which can trigger explosive feelings of anger and result in challenging interactions with others—especially in close relationships. The experience of perceived rejection or distance can feel like an emotional storm, pulling someone with BPD into a whirlwind of anxiety, anger, and impulsive behavior.

The Roots of Abandonment Issues in BPD

Abandonment in the context of Borderline Personality Disorder is more than just a fear of being physically left alone—it’s a deep-seated emotional experience that often arises from a person’s past experiences of inconsistency, neglect, or trauma. Many people with BPD have experienced early childhood instability, where caregivers may have been emotionally unavailable, unpredictable, or even abusive. This leaves individuals with BPD with a fragile sense of self and a distorted view of relationships, often fearing that they are unworthy of love or that everyone they care about will eventually leave them.

Click to Learn About Navigating Life as a Child of a Borderline Parent

This fear of abandonment can surface in many ways—whether through clinginess, emotional outbursts, or testing boundaries. It can even be triggered by small, everyday occurrences. For example, if a partner is late coming home from work or doesn’t respond to a text right away, someone with BPD may feel as though their partner is pulling away or preparing to leave them, even if there is no real reason for concern.

Anger: The Defense Mechanism

Anger in BPD is often linked to the deep fear of abandonment and feelings of helplessness. The experience of perceived rejection or distance can feel like a direct attack on the person’s worth, prompting an outburst of anger as a defense mechanism. For someone with BPD, anger can feel like the only way to protect themselves from the emotional pain of abandonment.

This anger is often disproportionate to the situation and can manifest in ways that can feel hurtful or confusing to those on the receiving end. Mood swings, impulsive behavior, and verbal outbursts are common reactions when someone feels abandoned. In fact, the anger may not always be directed outward—it can also turn inward, creating cycles of self-loathing, guilt, and regret.

Click to Learn About Splitting in an Argument and How to Turn It Around

Examples of Relationship Arguments

To better understand how abandonment issues and anger manifest in everyday situations, let’s take a look at a couple of examples.

Example 1: The Silent Treatment

Sophie has BPD and feels an overwhelming fear when her boyfriend Mike doesn’t text her back right away. She texts him multiple times, asking if everything’s okay. Mike, who has been busy at work, doesn’t immediately reply.

Sophie begins to feel rejected and anxious. Her mind races with thoughts like: “He’s ignoring me. He doesn’t care about me anymore. Maybe he’s already planning to leave me.” As the fear grows, Sophie sends another text, this time more urgent: “Why aren’t you answering me? Are you seeing someone else?”

Mike finally replies and says, “I was just at a meeting, Sophie. I’m sorry I didn’t text back sooner.” But by the time Mike responds, Sophie has already worked herself up into a rage, accusing him of not caring and throwing hurtful comments his way.

In this situation, Sophie’s fear of abandonment triggered her anger, even though Mike’s lack of response wasn’t intentional. Her reaction pushed Mike away, leading to a cycle of hurt and confusion in the relationship.

Example 2: The Fear of Distance

James and his partner Lily are in a committed relationship, but James has a history of BPD tendencies. One evening, Lily casually mentions that she wants some time to herself to unwind after a stressful day. For most people, this would be a normal request, but for James, it feels like rejection. He interprets Lily’s need for space as her pulling away, as if she’s preparing to abandon him.

In response, James becomes angry and demands to know why she doesn’t want to spend time with him. He accuses her of not loving him enough and lashing out with hurtful comments, even though Lily’s request for space was completely unrelated to him.

Lily, feeling blindsided by the intensity of James’s reaction, becomes defensive and withdraws, which only fuels James’s anger and fear of abandonment. He believes her withdrawal means she’s about to leave him, further spiraling his emotions.

In both of these examples, the emotional intensity and reactions are rooted in a deep fear of abandonment, compounded by a lack of emotional regulation. These patterns are not intentional but stem from a complex mix of fear, insecurity, and emotional dysregulation inherent in BPD.

Click to Learn More About The Many Hidden Faces of Abandonment: How Unseen Fears Shape Behavior in Borderline Personality

How to Manage Abandonment Fears and Anger in BPD

Managing abandonment issues and anger when you have BPD or borderline tendencies requires self-awareness, emotional regulation, and communication skills. Here are some practical strategies:

1. Recognize the Fear and Pause Before Reacting

When you feel a wave of anger or fear of abandonment coming on, the first step is to pause and reflect. Ask yourself: “Am I reacting to the present moment, or is my fear rooted in past experiences?” Often, these intense emotional reactions are tied to past wounds, and taking a step back can help you assess whether the situation is truly a threat or if it’s a distortion of reality.

2. Communicate Your Needs Clearly

It’s important to express your feelings and needs to your partner calmly and clearly. Instead of resorting to accusations or anger, try saying, “I feel anxious when I don’t hear from you, and I’m worried I might be abandoned.” This lets your partner know that your emotions are driven by fear, not malice, and invites them into the conversation to reassure you.

3. Practice Self-Regulation Techniques

Learning to manage your emotions is key to breaking the cycle of anger and fear. Mindfulness, deep breathing, and grounding techniques can help you manage overwhelming emotions in the moment. Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) is a highly effective approach for individuals with BPD, teaching skills like emotional regulation, distress tolerance, and interpersonal effectiveness.

4. Challenge Negative Thoughts

When you begin to feel abandoned, take a moment to challenge the negative thoughts running through your mind. Ask yourself, “Is there concrete evidence that this person is abandoning me, or is this just my fear talking?” Reframing your thoughts can help reduce the intensity of your emotional reaction.

5. Seek Professional Help

If you struggle with BPD, therapy can be incredibly beneficial. DBT is specifically designed to help individuals manage emotional dysregulation, and it provides tools to navigate relationships more effectively. A therapist can also help you address past trauma that may be fueling abandonment fears.

Conclusion: Embracing Healing and Self-Compassion

Living with Borderline Personality Disorder is challenging, especially when it comes to managing abandonment fears and anger. However, with the right strategies, self-awareness, and therapy, it’s possible to break free from the emotional storm and build healthier, more stable relationships.

Remember, it’s okay to experience fear and anger—it’s how you handle those emotions that determines your emotional health and relationship success. By learning to regulate emotions, communicate effectively, and seek support, you can navigate abandonment fears and anger in a way that leads to growth, healing, and a more fulfilling life.

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